Reformer of Islamic ummah Ayatollah Khomeini Revived Religion, Islam

The gradual imperial invasions of Ottoman Empire at the hands of Portuguese capitalists in 17th century opened it to the European Colonial careerists. The Empire, for seven centuries (from 1300 AD to 20th century), had had a remarkable, unrivalled expansion in most of the Middle-East and Europe. It marked the glorious times of the spread of Islam to the forbidden corners of world. After being pitted against the Ottomans, the Arabs had successfully yielded to the motives of British occupants for the false promise of independence. But when their designs triumphantly disintegrated the Empire and made Arabs enemies of their brothers in Turkey, British forgot the promise that perhaps they had never intended to keep. Consequently, the most powerful Muslim Empire was rendered dysfunctional within and explicitly began to be rechristened into a National State. Salim III laid the groundwork for new westernizing reforms and established Ottoman embassies in European Capitals. In 1860's the economy slumped and finally the Islamic Empire became bankrupt. The political and economic position of the Empire was in stalemate in 1890's when it conspicuously began to present a vulnerable overture for foreign conquests. Palestine was one of the pivotal parts of Ottoman Empire. In 1897 Zionists held their first conference in Basel to discuss their ultimate aim to create the Israeli state in the Ottoman province of Palestine. Same year marked the death of Sayyid Jammal-ud-din Afghani, a Muslim reformer, who had strived for a consensus amongst the Islamic states to gather and collectively confront the Western colonialism and hegemony. Finally, the publication of the Sykes Picot agreement in 1920 in the wake of Ottoman defeat in First World War, the Empire's provinces were divided between British and French, who established mandates and protectorates to further split the Muslim community of world.

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