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Wednesday, 30 May 2012
Tuesday, 29 May 2012
By 1453 Constantinople was the only remnant of the Byzantine Empire, left as an hostile fortress in the heart of the Ottoman Empire. The great walls of Constantinople were still the strongest in Europe, and their failure was one of the earliest triumphs of gunpowder artillery.
The Ottoman sultan, Mahomet II, hired a Hungarian gun-founder, who made him a over sixty guns, including eleven larger guns that proved to be key to the siege. Only ten days into the bombardment (11 April), the Ottomans made the first break, collapsing a tower at the gate of St. Romanus. This breach then became the focus of the fighting, but was held by determined fighting until 29th May, when a Turkish column found a lightly defended and badly maintained postern gate and broke into the city. The already battered defenders of the breach heard the fighting behind them in the streets, and their resistance collapsed. The last Byzantine Emperor, Constantine, died in the fighting, and the last remnant of the Roman Empire was destroyed.
The Ottoman sultan, Mahomet II, hired a Hungarian gun-founder, who made him a over sixty guns, including eleven larger guns that proved to be key to the siege. Only ten days into the bombardment (11 April), the Ottomans made the first break, collapsing a tower at the gate of St. Romanus. This breach then became the focus of the fighting, but was held by determined fighting until 29th May, when a Turkish column found a lightly defended and badly maintained postern gate and broke into the city. The already battered defenders of the breach heard the fighting behind them in the streets, and their resistance collapsed. The last Byzantine Emperor, Constantine, died in the fighting, and the last remnant of the Roman Empire was destroyed. Sunday, 27 May 2012
The National Consultative Assembly of Iran (Persian: Majles-e Shorâ-ye Eslami, lit. Majles), also called The Iranian Parliament or People's House, is the national legislative body of Iran. The Parliament currently has 290 representatives, changed from the previous 272
seats since the 18 February 2000 election. The recent election took place on 2 March 2012 and the new parliament was opened on 27 May 2012.
seats since the 18 February 2000 election. The recent election took place on 2 March 2012 and the new parliament was opened on 27 May 2012.Saturday, 26 May 2012
Qazvini A British company strikes oil in Persia (now Iran). It's the first big petroleum find in the Middle East, and it sets off a wave of exploration, extraction and exploitation that will change the region's -- and the world's -- history.
Englishman William D'Arcy had obtained a license to explore for oil in Persia in 1901. He sent explorer George Reynolds, who searched fruitlessly for seven years.
Fresh investment from the Burmah Oil Co. had rescued the expedition financially in 1904, but with no results and D'Arcy's personal fortune completely run out, he risked losing his two country houses and his London mansion. In Persia, staff was already being dismissed. Reynolds received orders from London for his last-chance well: Drill to 1,600 feet and then stop.
Why all the fuss? The automobile was in its infancy, and few people could foresee its future. How did an investor expect to get rich off an oil strike? Well -- and we really do mean well -- you could run an electric-power plant with oil, you could run factory machinery on oil and, perhaps most importantly, the world's powerful navies were converting their ships from coal to oil. Almost anything that had run on coal -- especially coal that heated water to create steam -- could run on oil.
Exactly 100 years ago today, the smell of sulfur hovered in the air at Masjid-i-Suleiman. That was a good sign for an experienced oil hand like Reynolds. At 4 in the morning, the drill reached 1,180 feet below the desert and struck oil. A huge gusher shot 75 feet into the air.
The site was so remote that it took five days before D'Arcy got word by telegram in England. "If this is true," he replied, "all our troubles are over." It was indeed true, and more wells hit oil elsewhere in Persia, including a huge one in September.
D'Arcy and Burmah reorganized their holdings in 1909 as the Anglo-Persian Oil Co. (which became the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. in 1935, British Petroleum in 1954 and BP in 2000.) Its initial public offering of stock shares sold out in 30 minutes in London. People stood five deep around the tellers' cages to buy shares in Glasgow. The race for oil accelerated throughout the Middle East.
At the instigation of First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill, the British government became a majority (and at-first secret) shareholder of Anglo-Persian during World War I. Britain soon became a dominant power in Persian and later Iranian politics. British and American political operations in that nation shaped the developments that led to the Iranian revolution in 1979 and the current Middle Eastern power situation.
Englishman William D'Arcy had obtained a license to explore for oil in Persia in 1901. He sent explorer George Reynolds, who searched fruitlessly for seven years.
Fresh investment from the Burmah Oil Co. had rescued the expedition financially in 1904, but with no results and D'Arcy's personal fortune completely run out, he risked losing his two country houses and his London mansion. In Persia, staff was already being dismissed. Reynolds received orders from London for his last-chance well: Drill to 1,600 feet and then stop.
Why all the fuss? The automobile was in its infancy, and few people could foresee its future. How did an investor expect to get rich off an oil strike? Well -- and we really do mean well -- you could run an electric-power plant with oil, you could run factory machinery on oil and, perhaps most importantly, the world's powerful navies were converting their ships from coal to oil. Almost anything that had run on coal -- especially coal that heated water to create steam -- could run on oil.
Exactly 100 years ago today, the smell of sulfur hovered in the air at Masjid-i-Suleiman. That was a good sign for an experienced oil hand like Reynolds. At 4 in the morning, the drill reached 1,180 feet below the desert and struck oil. A huge gusher shot 75 feet into the air.
The site was so remote that it took five days before D'Arcy got word by telegram in England. "If this is true," he replied, "all our troubles are over." It was indeed true, and more wells hit oil elsewhere in Persia, including a huge one in September.
D'Arcy and Burmah reorganized their holdings in 1909 as the Anglo-Persian Oil Co. (which became the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. in 1935, British Petroleum in 1954 and BP in 2000.) Its initial public offering of stock shares sold out in 30 minutes in London. People stood five deep around the tellers' cages to buy shares in Glasgow. The race for oil accelerated throughout the Middle East.
At the instigation of First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill, the British government became a majority (and at-first secret) shareholder of Anglo-Persian during World War I. Britain soon became a dominant power in Persian and later Iranian politics. British and American political operations in that nation shaped the developments that led to the Iranian revolution in 1979 and the current Middle Eastern power situation.
Friday, 25 May 2012
Khoramshahr 1982 taken back- Iran Iraq war. Khorramshahr (Persian: خرمشهر) is a port city in Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. It is approximately ten kilometres north of Abadan. The city extends to the right bank of the Arvand Rūd waterway near its confluence with the Karun river.
This city with a populaytion of approximateky 500,000 was completely destroyed by Saddam Hussein forces when they invaded the city in 1980. In 1982 the city was liberated by Iranina forces.
Details - The Iran-Iraq War:
During the Iran-Iraq War it was extensively ravaged by Iraqi forces as a result of Saddam Hussein's scorched earth policy. Prior to the war, Khorramshahr had become one of the world's major port cities, and home to some of the most exclusive neighborhoods in Iran.
As the Iraqis drew near at the beginning of the war, the Iranian Army evacuated much of the city. In the defense of Khorramshahr, the Iranians prepared a series of dykes on the outskirts of the city, the first dyke holding regular soldiers and the second dyke holding tanks, artillery, and anti-tank weapons. Personnel wise, the Iranian Regular Army was responsible for the city's external defenses and the Pasdaran were responsible for the center.
The Iraqi objectives were to occupy the city outskirts, the Dej Barracks in the north, and the port in the south. In the first days of the fighting, beginning on September 30th, the Iraqis cleared the dykes and captured the area around the city, cutting it off from both Abadan and the rest of the Khuzestan province. The first two attempts to enter the city, launched by an armored division and Special Forces, were met with heavy losses for the Iraqi forces. In response, the Iraqis planned on sending in additional commando units with armor providing backup. Iraqi Special Forces and Commando units took the port whilst Iraqi armored brigades took Dej, both before moving into the suburbs.
It was in the suburbs that the Iraqi attack stalled when they encountered Iranian Pasdaran and Chieftain tanks. Local counterattacks by tank-infantry teams turned back the Iraqi forces at several points. The sheer weight of the Iraqi tank force settled the issue in their favor, but when Iranian armor was encountered on the defense, it stopped attacks cold. Only repeated combined arms assaults broke the ability of the Chieftains to dominate the open areas within the suburban battle space.
As the fighting moved toward the city center, armor operations were reduced to a supporting role, since the tanks couldn't fire as effectively through the tight and narrow streets. The Iraqis tended to attack at night to advance troops and gain surprise, and place observation points on tall buildings. The Iranians would often move in snipers at night, which also bogged the battle down for the invading Iraqis. Due to the heroism of Pasdaran and Basij, battles were often fought house-to-house, floor-to-floor, and room-to-room. Reports indicate that Iraqis would at times encounter Pasdaran who were armed with anything from assault rifles all the way down to sticks and knives.
An Iranian woman in front of a mosque during Iraqi invasion to Khorramshahr in September-October 1981.The final objectives towards the end of the battle were the Government building where the Iranian headquarters was located, as well as the nearby bridge connecting the road from Khorramshahr to Abadan. Fighting for possession of the bridge took 48 hours. The last Iraqi attack started at dawn on 24 October and lasted five hours. The city was cleared by 26 October.
This city with a populaytion of approximateky 500,000 was completely destroyed by Saddam Hussein forces when they invaded the city in 1980. In 1982 the city was liberated by Iranina forces.
Details - The Iran-Iraq War:
During the Iran-Iraq War it was extensively ravaged by Iraqi forces as a result of Saddam Hussein's scorched earth policy. Prior to the war, Khorramshahr had become one of the world's major port cities, and home to some of the most exclusive neighborhoods in Iran.
As the Iraqis drew near at the beginning of the war, the Iranian Army evacuated much of the city. In the defense of Khorramshahr, the Iranians prepared a series of dykes on the outskirts of the city, the first dyke holding regular soldiers and the second dyke holding tanks, artillery, and anti-tank weapons. Personnel wise, the Iranian Regular Army was responsible for the city's external defenses and the Pasdaran were responsible for the center.
The Iraqi objectives were to occupy the city outskirts, the Dej Barracks in the north, and the port in the south. In the first days of the fighting, beginning on September 30th, the Iraqis cleared the dykes and captured the area around the city, cutting it off from both Abadan and the rest of the Khuzestan province. The first two attempts to enter the city, launched by an armored division and Special Forces, were met with heavy losses for the Iraqi forces. In response, the Iraqis planned on sending in additional commando units with armor providing backup. Iraqi Special Forces and Commando units took the port whilst Iraqi armored brigades took Dej, both before moving into the suburbs.
It was in the suburbs that the Iraqi attack stalled when they encountered Iranian Pasdaran and Chieftain tanks. Local counterattacks by tank-infantry teams turned back the Iraqi forces at several points. The sheer weight of the Iraqi tank force settled the issue in their favor, but when Iranian armor was encountered on the defense, it stopped attacks cold. Only repeated combined arms assaults broke the ability of the Chieftains to dominate the open areas within the suburban battle space.
As the fighting moved toward the city center, armor operations were reduced to a supporting role, since the tanks couldn't fire as effectively through the tight and narrow streets. The Iraqis tended to attack at night to advance troops and gain surprise, and place observation points on tall buildings. The Iranians would often move in snipers at night, which also bogged the battle down for the invading Iraqis. Due to the heroism of Pasdaran and Basij, battles were often fought house-to-house, floor-to-floor, and room-to-room. Reports indicate that Iraqis would at times encounter Pasdaran who were armed with anything from assault rifles all the way down to sticks and knives.
An Iranian woman in front of a mosque during Iraqi invasion to Khorramshahr in September-October 1981.The final objectives towards the end of the battle were the Government building where the Iranian headquarters was located, as well as the nearby bridge connecting the road from Khorramshahr to Abadan. Fighting for possession of the bridge took 48 hours. The last Iraqi attack started at dawn on 24 October and lasted five hours. The city was cleared by 26 October.
Monday, 21 May 2012
Suharto retired as president of Indonesia in May 1998 following the collapse of support for his three-decade long presidency. The resignation followed severe economic and political crises in the previous 6 to 12 months. BJ Habibie continued at least a year of his remaining presidential years, followed by Abdurrahman Wahid in 1999. Suharto's resignation also marked the end of the New Order, a regime that began in 1968.
Reportedly the military was split. There was said to be a power struggle between Prabowo and Wiranto. Both generals claimed to be loyal to Suharto. Some feared factionalism could lead to a civil war.
Some of Suharto's former allies deserted him. Wiranto allowed students to occupy Parliament. Wiranto reported to Suharto on 20 May that Suharto no longer had the support of the army.[citation needed]
Suharto was forced to resign on 21 May and was replaced by Habibie, his Vice President.
In 1998 one of the key generals was Prabowo, son of former Finance Minister Dr. Sumitro Djojohadikusumo who may have once worked with the British and the Americans against Sukarno. Prabowo had learned about terrorism at Fort Bragg and Fort Benning in the US. In May 1998, Prabowo was commander of Kostrad, the strategic reserve, the regiment Suharto commanded when he took power in 1965. Prabowo's friend Muchdi ran Kopassus (special forces) and his friend Sjafrie ran the Jakarta Area Command. General Wiranto, the overall head of the military, was seen as a rival to Prabowo.
Allegedly, late on the evening on 21 May, Prabowo arrived at the presidential palace and demanded that he be made chief of the armed forces. Reportedly, Habibie escaped from the palace. On 22 May, Prabowo was sacked as head of Kostrad. Wiranto remained as chief of the armed forces. Wiranto's troops began removing the students from the parliament building.
Some of Suharto's former allies deserted him. Wiranto allowed students to occupy Parliament. Wiranto reported to Suharto on 20 May that Suharto no longer had the support of the army.[citation needed]
Suharto was forced to resign on 21 May and was replaced by Habibie, his Vice President.
In 1998 one of the key generals was Prabowo, son of former Finance Minister Dr. Sumitro Djojohadikusumo who may have once worked with the British and the Americans against Sukarno. Prabowo had learned about terrorism at Fort Bragg and Fort Benning in the US. In May 1998, Prabowo was commander of Kostrad, the strategic reserve, the regiment Suharto commanded when he took power in 1965. Prabowo's friend Muchdi ran Kopassus (special forces) and his friend Sjafrie ran the Jakarta Area Command. General Wiranto, the overall head of the military, was seen as a rival to Prabowo.
Allegedly, late on the evening on 21 May, Prabowo arrived at the presidential palace and demanded that he be made chief of the armed forces. Reportedly, Habibie escaped from the palace. On 22 May, Prabowo was sacked as head of Kostrad. Wiranto remained as chief of the armed forces. Wiranto's troops began removing the students from the parliament building.
Sunday, 20 May 2012
In 1934, the Air Ministry set up a committee chaired by Sir Henry Tizard to advance the state of the art of air defence in the UK. During World War I, the Germans had used Zeppelins as long-range bombers over London and other cities and defences had struggled to counter the threat. Since that time aircraft capabilities had improved considerably, and existing weapons were unlikely to have any effect on a raid.
The prospect of aerial bombardment of civilian areas was causing the government anxiety with heavy bombers able to approach from altitudes that anti-aircraft guns of the day were unable to reach. With the enemy airfields only 20 minutes away, the bombers would have dropped their bombs and be returning to base before the intercepting fighters could get to altitude. The only solution would be to have standing patrols of fighters in the air at all times, but with the limited cruising time of a fighter this would require a gigantic standing force. A plausible solution was urgently needed.
Nazi Germany was rumored to have a "death-ray" using radio waves that was capable of destroying towns, cities and people. In January 1935, H.E. Wimperis, Director of Scientific Research at the Air Ministry, asked Watson-Watt about the possibly of building their version of a death-ray, specifically to be used against aircraft.[citation needed] Watson-Watt quickly returned a calculation carried out by his assistant, Arnold Wilkins, showing that the device was impossible to construct, and fears of a Nazi version soon vanished. However he also mentioned in the same report: "Meanwhile attention is being turned to the still difficult, but less unpromising, problem of radio detection and numerical considerations on the method of detection by reflected radio waves will be submitted when required."
The prospect of aerial bombardment of civilian areas was causing the government anxiety with heavy bombers able to approach from altitudes that anti-aircraft guns of the day were unable to reach. With the enemy airfields only 20 minutes away, the bombers would have dropped their bombs and be returning to base before the intercepting fighters could get to altitude. The only solution would be to have standing patrols of fighters in the air at all times, but with the limited cruising time of a fighter this would require a gigantic standing force. A plausible solution was urgently needed.
Nazi Germany was rumored to have a "death-ray" using radio waves that was capable of destroying towns, cities and people. In January 1935, H.E. Wimperis, Director of Scientific Research at the Air Ministry, asked Watson-Watt about the possibly of building their version of a death-ray, specifically to be used against aircraft.[citation needed] Watson-Watt quickly returned a calculation carried out by his assistant, Arnold Wilkins, showing that the device was impossible to construct, and fears of a Nazi version soon vanished. However he also mentioned in the same report: "Meanwhile attention is being turned to the still difficult, but less unpromising, problem of radio detection and numerical considerations on the method of detection by reflected radio waves will be submitted when required."
Saturday, 19 May 2012
Omar Khayyam was a brilliant mathematician, astronomer, philosopher and physician of the 11th century. He contributed to the basic principles of algebra and developed an accurate solar calendar that was used for 800 years. However, he is best known today for his poem “The Rubáiyát.”
Omar Khayyam was born Ghiyath al-Din Abu’l-Fath Umar ibn Ibrahim Al-Nisaburi al-Khayyami on May 18, 1048, in Nishapur, Khorasan, part of present-day northern Iran. Khayyam is believed to have come from a family of tent-makers: the Arabic word for tent-maker is al-khayyami.
His Encyclopedia Britannica biography reports that in Khayyam’s early years, his studies primarily focused on the subjects of philosophy and science. He eventually moved to modern-day Uzbekistan where he began working on his famous “Treatise on Demonstration of Problems of Algebra.”
During his lifetime, Khayyam was best known as a mathematician and astronomer. He tackled various key problems in algebra and geometry. His treatise on algebra got him a great deal of attention in his lifetime; it became part of a larger body of work that introduced many higher math principles to Europe. Similar work would be done in later years by Descartes, who also explored geometry as a method for solving cubic equations.
According to an article published on the Stetson University Web site, Sultan Malikshah Jalal al-Din invited Khayyam to come to Esfahan (in modern-day Iran) to make astronomical observations and use them to reform the calendar. The calendar that he helped to develop was called the Jalali calendar and was in use in Iran until the 20th century.
The Islamic Web site Ummah explains that the solar calendar devised by Khayyam is actually more accurate than the Gregorian calendar used in the West. The Jalali calendar only had an error of one day in 3,770 years; the Gregorian one has an error of one day every 3,330 years.
His years working for the sultan were incredibly productive, but when his benefactor died, he fell out of favor with the court. He made a pilgrimage to Mecca, and only 20 years later was able to regain a position of sponsored scholarship. He continued to work in a variety of disciplines, including mathematics, astronomy, law and medicine, for the rest of his life. He died in his birthplace of Nishapur on December 4, 1131.
He does have a lunar crater named after him, but Khayyam’s legacy in the modern era is primarily his poetry. In 1859, Edward Fitzgerald compiled a series of Khayyam’s quatrains (four-line poems) into an epic work he entitled “The Rubáiyát,” and the Persian philosopher was catapulted into the limelight. (“Rubáiyát” means quatrains.) The entire poem can be read on the Internet Classics Archive.
He was certainly an eloquent, contemplative man, as revealed by a collection of quotations posted on the University of St. Andrew’s Web site. The poem became popular to the point of being ubiquitous. Certainly, most are familiar with the line, “The Moving Finger writes; and, having writ, Moves on” and others. Khayyam’s writings also include reflections on his work in math and astronomy. He deeply questioned all that was around him, and his contemplative nature made his epic poem a favorite. Some have questioned how much of the poem is Khayyam’s, and how much was shaped by Fitzgerald’s loose interpretation of the original lines.
A 2009 exhibit at The Harry Ransom Center of The University of Texas at Austin explores “The Rubáiyát’s” place in the modern British and American canon and asks why the work gained such universal appeal. The exhibit, a preview of which can be viewed online, features numerous old manuscripts and an online collaborate commentary of the “The Rubáiyát.”
In 2005, Khayyam was the subject of the movie “The Keeper: The Legend of Omar Khayyam.” In the film, a 12-year-old discovers he is related to the great philosopher, and the movie shifts between past and present to tell Khayyam’s life story.
Omar Khayyam was born Ghiyath al-Din Abu’l-Fath Umar ibn Ibrahim Al-Nisaburi al-Khayyami on May 18, 1048, in Nishapur, Khorasan, part of present-day northern Iran. Khayyam is believed to have come from a family of tent-makers: the Arabic word for tent-maker is al-khayyami.
His Encyclopedia Britannica biography reports that in Khayyam’s early years, his studies primarily focused on the subjects of philosophy and science. He eventually moved to modern-day Uzbekistan where he began working on his famous “Treatise on Demonstration of Problems of Algebra.”
During his lifetime, Khayyam was best known as a mathematician and astronomer. He tackled various key problems in algebra and geometry. His treatise on algebra got him a great deal of attention in his lifetime; it became part of a larger body of work that introduced many higher math principles to Europe. Similar work would be done in later years by Descartes, who also explored geometry as a method for solving cubic equations.
According to an article published on the Stetson University Web site, Sultan Malikshah Jalal al-Din invited Khayyam to come to Esfahan (in modern-day Iran) to make astronomical observations and use them to reform the calendar. The calendar that he helped to develop was called the Jalali calendar and was in use in Iran until the 20th century.
The Islamic Web site Ummah explains that the solar calendar devised by Khayyam is actually more accurate than the Gregorian calendar used in the West. The Jalali calendar only had an error of one day in 3,770 years; the Gregorian one has an error of one day every 3,330 years.
His years working for the sultan were incredibly productive, but when his benefactor died, he fell out of favor with the court. He made a pilgrimage to Mecca, and only 20 years later was able to regain a position of sponsored scholarship. He continued to work in a variety of disciplines, including mathematics, astronomy, law and medicine, for the rest of his life. He died in his birthplace of Nishapur on December 4, 1131.
He does have a lunar crater named after him, but Khayyam’s legacy in the modern era is primarily his poetry. In 1859, Edward Fitzgerald compiled a series of Khayyam’s quatrains (four-line poems) into an epic work he entitled “The Rubáiyát,” and the Persian philosopher was catapulted into the limelight. (“Rubáiyát” means quatrains.) The entire poem can be read on the Internet Classics Archive.
He was certainly an eloquent, contemplative man, as revealed by a collection of quotations posted on the University of St. Andrew’s Web site. The poem became popular to the point of being ubiquitous. Certainly, most are familiar with the line, “The Moving Finger writes; and, having writ, Moves on” and others. Khayyam’s writings also include reflections on his work in math and astronomy. He deeply questioned all that was around him, and his contemplative nature made his epic poem a favorite. Some have questioned how much of the poem is Khayyam’s, and how much was shaped by Fitzgerald’s loose interpretation of the original lines.
A 2009 exhibit at The Harry Ransom Center of The University of Texas at Austin explores “The Rubáiyát’s” place in the modern British and American canon and asks why the work gained such universal appeal. The exhibit, a preview of which can be viewed online, features numerous old manuscripts and an online collaborate commentary of the “The Rubáiyát.”
In 2005, Khayyam was the subject of the movie “The Keeper: The Legend of Omar Khayyam.” In the film, a 12-year-old discovers he is related to the great philosopher, and the movie shifts between past and present to tell Khayyam’s life story.
Friday, 18 May 2012
The Gol (Round) Gumbaz (Dome) is the mausoleum of Muhammad Adil Shah (r. 1627-1656) of the Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur. It appears to have been the desire of the ruler to build a mausoleum that was comparable to that of his father, Ibrahim Adil Shah II. Since his father's mausoleum, known as the Ibrahim Rauza, was exceptional in composition and decoration, the only means of avoiding direct competition was through size. It is one of the biggest single chamber structures in the world and covers an area of 18,225 square feet (1,693 square meters), which is bigger than the better known Pantheon in Rome which is 14,996 square feet (1,393 square meters). The mausoleum is part of a complex that includes a mosque, a dharmshala (inn for travelers) and other buildings related to the sovereign's mausoleum. The building was never properly completed as intended since construction began towards the end of Muhammad Adil Shah's reign. As a result, the tomb is a plain cube with towers on each corner.
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VISIBLE CONTENT HERE
Establishing the 5 daily prayers in Sunni is a must. The more you maintain these daily prayers, the more you will see yourself coming back to Islam and becoming a better Muslim.
You must not waste food and water because you have to be grateful for what you have.
If you are not a Muslim convert, learn basic Islamic teaching gradually first in order to avoid misunderstandings.
Seek knowledge of Islam. From your local community to lectures, books and articles online, there's a lot available.
Read the Quran with translations every single day. Even if its just a few lines.
If you did something wrong once, immediately ask for forgiveness (Tawbah) from Allah. He is the most Merciful, meaning you should never give up from coming back for forgiveness.
If you have committed a great sin, don't disappoint yourself because Allah forgives every sin.
Perform ablution before every prayer, if you are not in the state of ablution. And applying good perfume on Friday is recommended.
If you have a committed a sin before, regret that sin always and try not to repeat it; Allah is a forgiver.
You must not waste food and water because you have to be grateful for what you have.
If you are not a Muslim convert, learn basic Islamic teaching gradually first in order to avoid misunderstandings.
Seek knowledge of Islam. From your local community to lectures, books and articles online, there's a lot available.
Read the Quran with translations every single day. Even if its just a few lines.
If you did something wrong once, immediately ask for forgiveness (Tawbah) from Allah. He is the most Merciful, meaning you should never give up from coming back for forgiveness.
If you have committed a great sin, don't disappoint yourself because Allah forgives every sin.
Perform ablution before every prayer, if you are not in the state of ablution. And applying good perfume on Friday is recommended.
If you have a committed a sin before, regret that sin always and try not to repeat it; Allah is a forgiver.
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Wednesday, 16 May 2012
The development of telegraphy in the early 19th century brought about the need for standardization and cooperation across national borders. As soon as telegrams began to be exchanged between countries, agreements were needed to define the types of equipment and coding that should be used as well as the rates (tariffs) that should be charged. Between 1849 and 1865, a series of bilateral and regional agreements were established between and among the states of Western Europe. 
By 1865, the need was felt to replace all of these agreements by a comprehensive multilateral agreement. In that year, the French government invited the European states to an International Telegraph Conference in Paris. The conference established the International Telegraph Union and drew up the International Telegraph Convention – an intergovernmental treaty that established the basic principles for international telegraphy. Annexed to, and supplementing, the Convention were the Regulations for International Service (also known as the Telegraph Regulations). The Regulations covered matters of administrative detail, such as the interworking of equipment, operating procedures and settlement of accounts.
Among the basic norms that were adopted were the use of the Morse code as the international telegraph alphabet, the protection of the secrecy of correspondence, and the right of everybody to use the international telegraphy. The contracting parties also reserved the right to stop any transmission that they considered dangerous for state security, or in violation of national laws, public order or morals.
Uniform charges (tariffs) for international telegram exchanges were established. For the first time, all terminal and transit charges were coded and published in a table annexed to the Convention.
The 1865 Conference also stipulated that in order to keep up with technical and administrative progress, the Convention should be periodically revised by international conferences held in the capitals of the contracting parties. In addition, it provided that countries which were not signatory to the Convention could subsequently adhere to it through notification to the French Government.
The International Telegraph Convention was signed by 20 States on 17 May 1865.
By 1865, the need was felt to replace all of these agreements by a comprehensive multilateral agreement. In that year, the French government invited the European states to an International Telegraph Conference in Paris. The conference established the International Telegraph Union and drew up the International Telegraph Convention – an intergovernmental treaty that established the basic principles for international telegraphy. Annexed to, and supplementing, the Convention were the Regulations for International Service (also known as the Telegraph Regulations). The Regulations covered matters of administrative detail, such as the interworking of equipment, operating procedures and settlement of accounts.
Among the basic norms that were adopted were the use of the Morse code as the international telegraph alphabet, the protection of the secrecy of correspondence, and the right of everybody to use the international telegraphy. The contracting parties also reserved the right to stop any transmission that they considered dangerous for state security, or in violation of national laws, public order or morals.
Uniform charges (tariffs) for international telegram exchanges were established. For the first time, all terminal and transit charges were coded and published in a table annexed to the Convention.
The 1865 Conference also stipulated that in order to keep up with technical and administrative progress, the Convention should be periodically revised by international conferences held in the capitals of the contracting parties. In addition, it provided that countries which were not signatory to the Convention could subsequently adhere to it through notification to the French Government.
The International Telegraph Convention was signed by 20 States on 17 May 1865.
Tuesday, 15 May 2012
Ayatollah Haj Sheikh Ahmad Ahari about SB 1267 (1305 AH) was born in the city of Ahar in East Azarbaijan. After the introductory period and field levels, while in Tabriz was steady and then headed to Najaf was for the study.and written so that the payment was made as the Najaf seminary professor.
He then, in about the year 1330 was the way his home and after a while, took over supervision of Tabriz Seminary.position and would be opposed. Rabbani of the universe works, which remained on the sidelines Mkasb margin, the Epistles, Essays in Jurisprudence and a treatise on the rule Lazrr are among them. Ayatollah Sheikh Ahmed on 26 May 1348 Sat Ahari eventually equal zero eighteenth in 1388 at age 81 joined to the mercy Izadi and the magnificent funeral, was buried in Qom city.
He then, in about the year 1330 was the way his home and after a while, took over supervision of Tabriz Seminary.position and would be opposed. Rabbani of the universe works, which remained on the sidelines Mkasb margin, the Epistles, Essays in Jurisprudence and a treatise on the rule Lazrr are among them. Ayatollah Sheikh Ahmed on 26 May 1348 Sat Ahari eventually equal zero eighteenth in 1388 at age 81 joined to the mercy Izadi and the magnificent funeral, was buried in Qom city.Monday, 14 May 2012
Psalm of Heavens (Special Documentary on Day of Hazrat Fatima R.A)
Hazrat Fatima R.A
She was beloved daughter of Muhammad s.a.w.w. among the four daughters. Hazrat Fatimah r.a. was very near and dear to Him and even at the time of His death, prophet Muhammad s.a.w.w talked to Fatimah and told her that she will be the queen of the youth in paradise.
Hazrat Fatimah r.a. was married to hazrat ali r.a. who was cousin of Muhammad s.a.w.w and was younger than Him. From hazrat ali r.a, hazrat Fatimah had two sons, Hassan r.a. and hussain r.a. these two grandsons of Muhammad s.a.w.w were beloved and very dear to Him.
Muhammad s.a.w.w used to carry them on His shoulders. They used to jump onto his back when He s.a.w.w used to offer namaz and go for sadja. But Muhammad s.a.w.w never talked even a slightest harsh to them and always treated them with love.
Hazrat Fatimah r.a. was a pious muslimah who spent her entire life practicing islam in its true spirit.
The linage of prophet Muhammad s.a.w.w has continued from the children of his daughters s.a.w.w. it is said that the promised mehdi will be from the pure linage of Muhammad s.a.w.w. this claim has always made the shia people happy because they think that they are the true followers and keepers of the linage of the family of Muhammad s.a.w.w. they are in delusion which will certainly be broken when imam mehdi will come.
Hazrat Fatima r.a was a significant personality of islam. She was pious and was mother of the pious kids who will be the leaders of youth (young boys) in jannat and she was the wife of the pious man who was forth rightly guided khalifah of islam. May ALLH be pleased with all of them.
She was beloved daughter of Muhammad s.a.w.w. among the four daughters. Hazrat Fatimah r.a. was very near and dear to Him and even at the time of His death, prophet Muhammad s.a.w.w talked to Fatimah and told her that she will be the queen of the youth in paradise.
Hazrat Fatimah r.a. was married to hazrat ali r.a. who was cousin of Muhammad s.a.w.w and was younger than Him. From hazrat ali r.a, hazrat Fatimah had two sons, Hassan r.a. and hussain r.a. these two grandsons of Muhammad s.a.w.w were beloved and very dear to Him.
Muhammad s.a.w.w used to carry them on His shoulders. They used to jump onto his back when He s.a.w.w used to offer namaz and go for sadja. But Muhammad s.a.w.w never talked even a slightest harsh to them and always treated them with love.
Hazrat Fatimah r.a. was a pious muslimah who spent her entire life practicing islam in its true spirit.
The linage of prophet Muhammad s.a.w.w has continued from the children of his daughters s.a.w.w. it is said that the promised mehdi will be from the pure linage of Muhammad s.a.w.w. this claim has always made the shia people happy because they think that they are the true followers and keepers of the linage of the family of Muhammad s.a.w.w. they are in delusion which will certainly be broken when imam mehdi will come.
Hazrat Fatima r.a was a significant personality of islam. She was pious and was mother of the pious kids who will be the leaders of youth (young boys) in jannat and she was the wife of the pious man who was forth rightly guided khalifah of islam. May ALLH be pleased with all of them.
sila e rehmi = to keep good relations with our relatives (Kith and kin), and to strengthen the bonds of kin-ship..........
Abu Huraira RA reported....
Nabi SAW said: 'rehm', 'Rehmaan' se mushtuq hai......Allah Taalaa ne uss (rehm) se Farmaaya: "jo tujhay jorray ga, main bhi usay jorrooun ga.......aur jo tujh se juda jo ga, mein bhi uss se judaa hoon ga..."
Abdullah bin Umar RA reported.......
Nabi SAW said: sila e rehmi karnay waala wo nahin jo sirf badla chukaaye.......balkay sila e rehmi karnay waala wo hai jo apnay tootay huay rishtay ko jorray........
[Kitaab ul Aadaab, Al Jami` Assaheeh - by Bukhari RA]
Abu Huraira RA reported....
Nabi SAW said: 'rehm', 'Rehmaan' se mushtuq hai......Allah Taalaa ne uss (rehm) se Farmaaya: "jo tujhay jorray ga, main bhi usay jorrooun ga.......aur jo tujh se juda jo ga, mein bhi uss se judaa hoon ga..."
Abdullah bin Umar RA reported.......
Nabi SAW said: sila e rehmi karnay waala wo nahin jo sirf badla chukaaye.......balkay sila e rehmi karnay waala wo hai jo apnay tootay huay rishtay ko jorray........
[Kitaab ul Aadaab, Al Jami` Assaheeh - by Bukhari RA]
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Also known as Warsaw Pact, Warshaw Pact, Warsaw Treaty
On May 14, 1955, on a conference of european nations for Peace in Europe, 8 countries created a historic agreement that later played a major role in escalation of Cold War. It was signed by the USSR, Czechoslovakia, Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania and German Democratic Republic (East Germany), and was ratified on June 5 1955. It was a document of non-aggressions and required each country to provide military and economic support to members of the Pact in case of military aggression against any of its members.
An Organization called the Eastern Bloc was formed, headed by Political Consulting Committee that was responsible for both military and non-military operations in Europe and later in the world.
It was a logical step in order to keep peace in Europe and create an alternative to the forming of Western Bloc, started by Paris agreement, signed in 1954 by countries of Western Europe, that also allowed militarization of Western Germany and its acceptance into NATO alliance, created in 1949.
In 1962 Albania stopped participating, and in 1968 left the Eastern Bloc organization.
In 1985 Warsaw agreement was extended for another 20 years.
In 1990 East Germany left the organization after the collapse of Berlin Wall and reunification with Western Germany.
NATO and the Warsaw Pact countries never engaged each other in armed conflict, but fought the Cold War for more than 35 years.
Warsaw Pact was abolished on July 1 1991 in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
An Organization called the Eastern Bloc was formed, headed by Political Consulting Committee that was responsible for both military and non-military operations in Europe and later in the world.
It was a logical step in order to keep peace in Europe and create an alternative to the forming of Western Bloc, started by Paris agreement, signed in 1954 by countries of Western Europe, that also allowed militarization of Western Germany and its acceptance into NATO alliance, created in 1949.
In 1962 Albania stopped participating, and in 1968 left the Eastern Bloc organization.
In 1985 Warsaw agreement was extended for another 20 years.
In 1990 East Germany left the organization after the collapse of Berlin Wall and reunification with Western Germany.
NATO and the Warsaw Pact countries never engaged each other in armed conflict, but fought the Cold War for more than 35 years.
Warsaw Pact was abolished on July 1 1991 in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
(born 935, near s, Iran died 1020, s) Persian poet. Though many legends surround his name, few facts are known about his life. He gave the final and enduring form to the Persian national epic, the Shh-nmeh 
(completed 1010; Book of Kings), a poem based mainly on an earlier prose history. His language is still readily intelligible to modern Iranians, who regard the poem's nearly 60,000 couplets as a sonorous, majestic evocation of a glorious past. He reportedly worked on the poem for 35 years to earn a dowry for his only daughter.
(completed 1010; Book of Kings), a poem based mainly on an earlier prose history. His language is still readily intelligible to modern Iranians, who regard the poem's nearly 60,000 couplets as a sonorous, majestic evocation of a glorious past. He reportedly worked on the poem for 35 years to earn a dowry for his only daughter.Simultaneous with the first anniversary of the inauguration of Mashhad-Sarakhs-Tajan railroad, a passenger train service between Mashhad and Ashkhabad will become operational on May 14, said the manager of Khorasan Railway Company, Majid Roshdi, on Sunday. He added that some 2.500 million tons of cargo are to be imported to Iran via Mashhad-Sarakhs-Tajan railroad from central Asian states. The goods include cotton, lumber, iron wares, asbestos pipes, gasoline and furnace oil, he said. Last year, he added, 200,000 tons of commodities were imported to Iran from central Asian states by train, of which 140,000 tons were carried to Bandar Abbas and 60,000 tons to Mashhad./- 
TURKMENISTAN President S Niyazov has set up an international project group to push ahead with development of two corridors linking the Central Asian states and the Persian Gulf. His intention is to make Turkmenistan the centre of the region's rail network.
The north-south corridor will integrate the Tedjen -- Sarakhs line to Iran, completed two years ago, with the planned 450 km link from Turkmenbashi to Yeralivo in Kazakhstan (RG 11.97 p725). The east-west corridor uses a train ferry to link the ex-SZD route from Toshkent to Turkmenbashi via Ashgabat with the trans-Caucasian corridor between Baku and Poti.
Completion of Iranian Islamic Republic Railways' direct route from Mashhad to Bafgh, linking into the line to the Gulf port of Bandar Abbas, which is expected to generate up to 15 million tonnes a year. The Sarakhs transfer station handled 500,000 tonnes of freight in its first year, and is currently transhipping 130 wagonloads a day. Construction of a new bogie exchange installation and container terminal are expected to boost throughput to 2 million tonnes in 2000, and eventually to 7 million.
TURKMENISTAN President S Niyazov has set up an international project group to push ahead with development of two corridors linking the Central Asian states and the Persian Gulf. His intention is to make Turkmenistan the centre of the region's rail network.
The north-south corridor will integrate the Tedjen -- Sarakhs line to Iran, completed two years ago, with the planned 450 km link from Turkmenbashi to Yeralivo in Kazakhstan (RG 11.97 p725). The east-west corridor uses a train ferry to link the ex-SZD route from Toshkent to Turkmenbashi via Ashgabat with the trans-Caucasian corridor between Baku and Poti.
Completion of Iranian Islamic Republic Railways' direct route from Mashhad to Bafgh, linking into the line to the Gulf port of Bandar Abbas, which is expected to generate up to 15 million tonnes a year. The Sarakhs transfer station handled 500,000 tonnes of freight in its first year, and is currently transhipping 130 wagonloads a day. Construction of a new bogie exchange installation and container terminal are expected to boost throughput to 2 million tonnes in 2000, and eventually to 7 million.
A cease-fire was declared between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan Pres. Geidar Aliyev negotiated a cease-fire with Armenian forces in the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh. More than 35,000 people had died in 6 years of fighting.
Nagorno-Karabakh
In 1988, the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh, a predominantly ethnic Armenian enclave within Azerbaijan, voted to secede and join Armenia. This eventually developed into a full-scale armed conflict. Armenian support for the separatists led to an economic embargo by Azerbaijan, which has crippled Armenia's foreign trade and restricted its imports of food and fuel, three-quarters of which transited Azerbaijan under Soviet rule.
Peace talks in early 1993 were disrupted by the seizure of Azerbaijan's Kelbajar district by Nagorno-Karabakh Armenian forces and the forced evacuation of thousands of ethnic Azeris. Turkey in protest then followed with an embargo of its own against Armenia. A cease-fire was declared between Azeri and Armenian/N-K forces in 1994 and has been maintained by both sides since then in spite of occasional shooting along the line of contact between the two. All Armenian governments have thus far resisted domestic pressure to recognize the self-proclaimed independence of the "Nagorno-Karabakh Republic," while at the same time announcing they would not accept any peace accords that returned the enclave to Azerbaijani rule. Some 750,000 ethnic Azeris who fled during the Karabakhi offensives still live as internally displaced persons in Azerbaijan, while roughly 400,000 ethnic Armenians who fled Azerbaijan since 1988 remain refugees, although around 35,000 have accepted Armenian citizenship since 1998.
Nagorno-Karabakh
In 1988, the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh, a predominantly ethnic Armenian enclave within Azerbaijan, voted to secede and join Armenia. This eventually developed into a full-scale armed conflict. Armenian support for the separatists led to an economic embargo by Azerbaijan, which has crippled Armenia's foreign trade and restricted its imports of food and fuel, three-quarters of which transited Azerbaijan under Soviet rule.
Peace talks in early 1993 were disrupted by the seizure of Azerbaijan's Kelbajar district by Nagorno-Karabakh Armenian forces and the forced evacuation of thousands of ethnic Azeris. Turkey in protest then followed with an embargo of its own against Armenia. A cease-fire was declared between Azeri and Armenian/N-K forces in 1994 and has been maintained by both sides since then in spite of occasional shooting along the line of contact between the two. All Armenian governments have thus far resisted domestic pressure to recognize the self-proclaimed independence of the "Nagorno-Karabakh Republic," while at the same time announcing they would not accept any peace accords that returned the enclave to Azerbaijani rule. Some 750,000 ethnic Azeris who fled during the Karabakhi offensives still live as internally displaced persons in Azerbaijan, while roughly 400,000 ethnic Armenians who fled Azerbaijan since 1988 remain refugees, although around 35,000 have accepted Armenian citizenship since 1998.
Sunday, 13 May 2012
Ayatollah Khamenei stated that Hazrat Fatima (SA) can serve as a role model for all women, advising them to practice her virtues.
Elsewhere in his remarks, he said that the lax observation of the Islamic women’s dress code (hijab) undermines morality in the society.
“Chastity … is a cause for honor … and increases …respect for women in society and this is why we must be grateful to Islam for paying attention to the issue of hijab,” Ayatollah Khamenei said.
The Leader said despite the Western propaganda that women must discard hijab to carry out their social responsibilities, the effective presence of women in different political and social arenas in Iran shows that women can fulfill their responsibilities in society while observing full hijab.
“Designating this day as woman’s day [in Iran] has everlasting lessons for all, especially for the women of our Islamic country to continue on the path of Hazrat Zahra (PBHU) by adorning themselves with piety, chastity, knowledge, courage, steadfastness, proper child rearing and attaching importance to family,” Ayatollah Khamenei added.
The Leader also said that women have had active participation in the country’s affairs.
Elsewhere in his remarks, he said that the lax observation of the Islamic women’s dress code (hijab) undermines morality in the society.
“Chastity … is a cause for honor … and increases …respect for women in society and this is why we must be grateful to Islam for paying attention to the issue of hijab,” Ayatollah Khamenei said.
The Leader said despite the Western propaganda that women must discard hijab to carry out their social responsibilities, the effective presence of women in different political and social arenas in Iran shows that women can fulfill their responsibilities in society while observing full hijab.
“Designating this day as woman’s day [in Iran] has everlasting lessons for all, especially for the women of our Islamic country to continue on the path of Hazrat Zahra (PBHU) by adorning themselves with piety, chastity, knowledge, courage, steadfastness, proper child rearing and attaching importance to family,” Ayatollah Khamenei added.
The Leader also said that women have had active participation in the country’s affairs.
O Children of Adam! wear your beautiful apparel at every time and place of prayer: eat and drink: But waste not by excess, for Allah loveth not the wasters.
يَـبَنِى ءَادَمَ خُذُواْ زِينَتَكُمْ عِندَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ وكُلُواْ وَاشْرَبُواْ وَلاَ تُسْرِفُواْ إِنَّهُ لاَ يُحِبُّ الْمُسْرِفِينَ 
"There were people who used to perform Tawaf around the House while naked, and Allah ordered them to take adornment, meaning, wear clean, proper clothes that cover the private parts. people were commanded to wear their best clothes when performing every prayer.''
Mujahid, Ata', Ibrahim An-Nakha`i, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Qatadah, As-Suddi, Ad-Dahhak and Malik narrated a similar saying from Az-Zuhri, and from several of the Salaf. They said that;
this Ayah was revealed about the idolators who used to perform Tawaf around the House while naked.
This Ayah, as well as the Sunnah, encourage wearing the best clothes when praying, especially for Friday and `Id prayers.
It is also recommended (for men) to wear perfume for prayer, because it is adornment, and to use Siwak for it is part of what completes adornment.
The best color for clothes is white, for Imam Ahmad narrated that Ibn Abbas said that the Messenger of Allah said,
الْبَسُوا مِنْ ثِيَابِكُمُ الْبَيَاضَ فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ خَيْرِ ثِيَابِكُمْ، وَكَفِّنُوا فِيهَا مَوْتَاكُمْ وَإِنَّ خَيْرَ أَكْحَالِكُمُ الْإثْمَدُ فَإِنَّهُ يَجْلُو الْبَصَرَ وَيُنْبِتُ الشَّعَر
Wear white clothes, for it is among your best clothes, and also wrap your dead with it. And Ithmid (antimony) is among the best of your Kuhl, for it clears the sight and helps the hair grow.
This Hadith has a sound chain of narration, consisting of narrators who conform to the conditions and guidelines of Imam Muslim.
Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah also recorded it, and At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.''
And eat and drink but waste not by extravagance,
Al-Bukhari said that Ibn Abbas said,
"Eat what you wish and wear what you wish, as long as you avoid two things: extravagance and arrogance.''
Ibn Jarir said that Muhammad bin Abdul-A`la narrated to us that Muhammad bin Thawr narrated to us from Ma`mar from Ibn Tawus from his father who said that Ibn Abbas said,
"Allah has allowed eating and drinking, as long as it does not contain extravagance or arrogance.''
This chain is Sahih.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Al-Miqdam bin Ma`dikarib Al-Kindi said that he heard the Messenger of Allah saying,
مَا مَلَأَ ابْنُ آدَمَ وِعَاءً شَرًّا مِنْ بَطْنِهِ بِحَسْبِ ابْنِ آدَمَ أَكَلَاتٍ يُقِمْنَ صُلْبَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ فَاعِلًا لَا مَحَالَةَ فَثُلُثٌ طَعَامٌ وَثُلُثٌ شَرَابٌ وَثُلُثٌ لِنَفَسِه
The Son of Adam will not fill a pot worse for himself than his stomach. It is enough for the Son of Adam to eat a few bites that strengthens his spine. If he likes to have more, then let him fill a third with food, a third with drink and leave a third for his breathing.
An-Nasa'i and At-Tirmidhi collected this Hadith, At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan'' or "Hasan Sahih'' according to another manuscript.
Ata Al-Khurasani said that Ibn Abbas commented on the Ayah,
And eat and drink but waste not by extravagance, certainly He (Allah) likes not the wasteful.
"With food and drink.''
Certainly He (Allah) likes not the wasteful.
Ibn Jarir commented on Allah's statement,
"Allah the Exalted says that He does not like those who trespass the limits on an allowed matter or a prohibited matter, those who go to the extreme over what He has allowed, allow what He has prohibited, or prohibit what He has allowed. But, He likes that what He has allowed be considered as such (without extravagance) and what He has prohibited be considered as such. This is the justice that He has commanded.''
Mujahid, Ata', Ibrahim An-Nakha`i, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Qatadah, As-Suddi, Ad-Dahhak and Malik narrated a similar saying from Az-Zuhri, and from several of the Salaf. They said that;
this Ayah was revealed about the idolators who used to perform Tawaf around the House while naked.
This Ayah, as well as the Sunnah, encourage wearing the best clothes when praying, especially for Friday and `Id prayers.
It is also recommended (for men) to wear perfume for prayer, because it is adornment, and to use Siwak for it is part of what completes adornment.
The best color for clothes is white, for Imam Ahmad narrated that Ibn Abbas said that the Messenger of Allah said,
الْبَسُوا مِنْ ثِيَابِكُمُ الْبَيَاضَ فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ خَيْرِ ثِيَابِكُمْ، وَكَفِّنُوا فِيهَا مَوْتَاكُمْ وَإِنَّ خَيْرَ أَكْحَالِكُمُ الْإثْمَدُ فَإِنَّهُ يَجْلُو الْبَصَرَ وَيُنْبِتُ الشَّعَر
Wear white clothes, for it is among your best clothes, and also wrap your dead with it. And Ithmid (antimony) is among the best of your Kuhl, for it clears the sight and helps the hair grow.
This Hadith has a sound chain of narration, consisting of narrators who conform to the conditions and guidelines of Imam Muslim.
Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah also recorded it, and At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.''
And eat and drink but waste not by extravagance,
Al-Bukhari said that Ibn Abbas said,
"Eat what you wish and wear what you wish, as long as you avoid two things: extravagance and arrogance.''
Ibn Jarir said that Muhammad bin Abdul-A`la narrated to us that Muhammad bin Thawr narrated to us from Ma`mar from Ibn Tawus from his father who said that Ibn Abbas said,
"Allah has allowed eating and drinking, as long as it does not contain extravagance or arrogance.''
This chain is Sahih.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Al-Miqdam bin Ma`dikarib Al-Kindi said that he heard the Messenger of Allah saying,
مَا مَلَأَ ابْنُ آدَمَ وِعَاءً شَرًّا مِنْ بَطْنِهِ بِحَسْبِ ابْنِ آدَمَ أَكَلَاتٍ يُقِمْنَ صُلْبَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ فَاعِلًا لَا مَحَالَةَ فَثُلُثٌ طَعَامٌ وَثُلُثٌ شَرَابٌ وَثُلُثٌ لِنَفَسِه
The Son of Adam will not fill a pot worse for himself than his stomach. It is enough for the Son of Adam to eat a few bites that strengthens his spine. If he likes to have more, then let him fill a third with food, a third with drink and leave a third for his breathing.
An-Nasa'i and At-Tirmidhi collected this Hadith, At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan'' or "Hasan Sahih'' according to another manuscript.
Ata Al-Khurasani said that Ibn Abbas commented on the Ayah,
And eat and drink but waste not by extravagance, certainly He (Allah) likes not the wasteful.
"With food and drink.''
Certainly He (Allah) likes not the wasteful.
Ibn Jarir commented on Allah's statement,
"Allah the Exalted says that He does not like those who trespass the limits on an allowed matter or a prohibited matter, those who go to the extreme over what He has allowed, allow what He has prohibited, or prohibit what He has allowed. But, He likes that what He has allowed be considered as such (without extravagance) and what He has prohibited be considered as such. This is the justice that He has commanded.''
Saturday, 12 May 2012
Drinking of wine will be common. (Saheeh Bukhari & Saheeh Muslim).
Great distances will be traversed in short spans of time (Planes, Boats, Trains, Cars etc). (Muslim).
Books will be widespread but knowledge will be low and the appearance of ignorance. (Bukhari, Muslim, Ibn Majah, & Ahmad).
A man will talk to [Something like] his whip or his shoe. (Telephone?) (Ahmad).
When one steadfast to his religion will be like one holding a burning coal. (Tirmidhi).
Men will begin to wear silk. (Tirmidhi).
Female singers and musical instruments will become popular. (Tirmidhi, Haythami).
Adultery and fornication will be performed in the open. (The Prophet, peace be upon him, said that this has never happened without new diseases befalling the people, which their ancestors had not known). (Bukhari, Muslim, Ibn Majah, & Haythami).
When fornication becomes widespread among your leaders. (This will happen when the people stop forbidding evil). (Ibn Majah).
The consumption of intoxicants will be widespread. (Bukhari & Muslim).
Women will outnumber men, eventually 50 women for 1 man. (Bukhari, Muslim, & Ahmad).
Killing, killing, killing. (Bukhari, Muslim, Ibn Majah, & Ahmad).
The people will say, ‘This person is cool’ and there is not a single grain of Eeman in his hearts (Actors, Singers, Gangsters etc).
The nations of the earth will gather against the Muslims like hungry people going to sit down to a table full of food. This will occur when the Muslims are large in number, but like the foam of the sea.
People will beat others with whips like the tails of oxen. (Muslim).
The children will be filled with rage. (Tabarani, Hakim).
Women will conspire. (Tabarani, Hakim).
Rain will be acidic or burning. (Tabarani, Hakim).
Children of fornication will become widespread or prevalent. (Tabarani, Hakim).
The hour will not come, until tribes of my Ummah will join the Mushrikin, and until some tribes of my Ummah will worship Idols. (Tirmidhi).
By He in Whose hand is my soul! The world shall not pass [away] before there comes upon people a day in which the murderer will not know why he has murdered, nor will the murdered one know why he has been killed. (Muslim).
When a trust becomes a means of making a profit. (Tirmidhi, Haythami).
Gains will be shared out only among the rich, with no benefit to the poor. (Tirmidhi).
Paying zakat becomes a burden and miserliness becomes widespread; charity is given reluctantly. (Tirmidhi & Haythami).
Miserliness will be thrown into the hearts of people. (Bukhari).
When it will be hot in Winter (and vice versa). (Kanzul Umaal).
Episodes of sudden death will become widespread. (Ahmad).
Shirk will be widespread in this Ummah (i.e grave worship etc).
There will be people who will be brethren in public but enemies in secret (He was asked how that would come about and replied, ‘Because they will have ulterior motives in their mutual dealings and at the same time will fear one another’). (Tirmidhi).
When a man obeys his wife and disobeys his mother; and treats his friend kindly while shunning his father. (Tirmidhi).
When voices are raised in the mosques. (Tirmidhi).
People will walk in the marketplace with their thighs exposed. (Tirmidhi).
Stones will fall from the sky [Meteors]. (Narrated by Tirmidhi).
The people of Iraq will receive no food and no money due to oppression by the Romans (Europeans). (Muslim).
People will hop between the clouds and the earth (Airplanes?).
Great distances will be traversed in short spans of time (Planes, Boats, Trains, Cars etc). (Muslim).
Books will be widespread but knowledge will be low and the appearance of ignorance. (Bukhari, Muslim, Ibn Majah, & Ahmad).
A man will talk to [Something like] his whip or his shoe. (Telephone?) (Ahmad).
When one steadfast to his religion will be like one holding a burning coal. (Tirmidhi).
Men will begin to wear silk. (Tirmidhi).
Female singers and musical instruments will become popular. (Tirmidhi, Haythami).
Adultery and fornication will be performed in the open. (The Prophet, peace be upon him, said that this has never happened without new diseases befalling the people, which their ancestors had not known). (Bukhari, Muslim, Ibn Majah, & Haythami).
When fornication becomes widespread among your leaders. (This will happen when the people stop forbidding evil). (Ibn Majah).
The consumption of intoxicants will be widespread. (Bukhari & Muslim).
Women will outnumber men, eventually 50 women for 1 man. (Bukhari, Muslim, & Ahmad).
Killing, killing, killing. (Bukhari, Muslim, Ibn Majah, & Ahmad).
The people will say, ‘This person is cool’ and there is not a single grain of Eeman in his hearts (Actors, Singers, Gangsters etc).
The nations of the earth will gather against the Muslims like hungry people going to sit down to a table full of food. This will occur when the Muslims are large in number, but like the foam of the sea.
People will beat others with whips like the tails of oxen. (Muslim).
The children will be filled with rage. (Tabarani, Hakim).
Women will conspire. (Tabarani, Hakim).
Rain will be acidic or burning. (Tabarani, Hakim).
Children of fornication will become widespread or prevalent. (Tabarani, Hakim).
The hour will not come, until tribes of my Ummah will join the Mushrikin, and until some tribes of my Ummah will worship Idols. (Tirmidhi).
By He in Whose hand is my soul! The world shall not pass [away] before there comes upon people a day in which the murderer will not know why he has murdered, nor will the murdered one know why he has been killed. (Muslim).
When a trust becomes a means of making a profit. (Tirmidhi, Haythami).
Gains will be shared out only among the rich, with no benefit to the poor. (Tirmidhi).
Paying zakat becomes a burden and miserliness becomes widespread; charity is given reluctantly. (Tirmidhi & Haythami).
Miserliness will be thrown into the hearts of people. (Bukhari).
When it will be hot in Winter (and vice versa). (Kanzul Umaal).
Episodes of sudden death will become widespread. (Ahmad).
Shirk will be widespread in this Ummah (i.e grave worship etc).
There will be people who will be brethren in public but enemies in secret (He was asked how that would come about and replied, ‘Because they will have ulterior motives in their mutual dealings and at the same time will fear one another’). (Tirmidhi).
When a man obeys his wife and disobeys his mother; and treats his friend kindly while shunning his father. (Tirmidhi).
When voices are raised in the mosques. (Tirmidhi).
People will walk in the marketplace with their thighs exposed. (Tirmidhi).
Stones will fall from the sky [Meteors]. (Narrated by Tirmidhi).
The people of Iraq will receive no food and no money due to oppression by the Romans (Europeans). (Muslim).
People will hop between the clouds and the earth (Airplanes?).
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