By 1453 Constantinople was the only remnant of the Byzantine Empire, left as an hostile fortress in the heart of the Ottoman Empire. The great walls of Constantinople were still the strongest in Europe, and their failure was one of the earliest triumphs of gunpowder artillery. The Ottoman sultan, Mahomet II, hired a Hungarian gun-founder, who made him a over sixty guns, including eleven larger guns that proved to be key to the siege. Only ten days...
The National Consultative Assembly of Iran (Persian: Majles-e Shorâ-ye Eslami, lit. Majles), also called The Iranian Parliament or People's House, is the national legislative body of Iran. The Parliament currently has 290 representatives, changed from the previous 272 seats since the 18 February 2000 election. The recent election took place on 2 March 2012 and the new parliament was opened on 27 May 20...
A British company strikes oil in Persia (now Iran). It's the first big petroleum find in the Middle East, and it sets off a wave of exploration, extraction and exploitation that will change the region's -- and the world's -- history.Englishman William D'Arcy had obtained a license to explore for oil in Persia in 1901. He sent explorer George Reynolds, who searched fruitlessly for seven years.Fresh investment from the Burmah Oil Co. had rescued the...
Khoramshahr 1982 taken back- Iran Iraq war. Khorramshahr (Persian: خرمشهر) is a port city in Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. It is approximately ten kilometres north of Abadan. The city extends to the right bank of the Arvand Rūd waterway near its confluence with the Karun river.This city with a populaytion of approximateky 500,000 was completely destroyed by Saddam Hussein forces when they invaded the city in 1980. In 1982 the city was...
Suharto retired as president of Indonesia in May 1998 following the collapse of support for his three-decade long presidency. The resignation followed severe economic and political crises in the previous 6 to 12 months. BJ Habibie continued at least a year of his remaining presidential years, followed by Abdurrahman Wahid in 1999. Suharto's resignation also marked the end of the New Order, a regime that began in 1968.Reportedly the military was split....
In 1934, the Air Ministry set up a committee chaired by Sir Henry Tizard to advance the state of the art of air defence in the UK. During World War I, the Germans had used Zeppelins as long-range bombers over London and other cities and defences had struggled to counter the threat. Since that time aircraft capabilities had improved considerably, and existing weapons were unlikely to have any effect on a raid.The prospect of aerial bombardment of...
Omar Khayyam was a brilliant mathematician, astronomer, philosopher and physician of the 11th century. He contributed to the basic principles of algebra and developed an accurate solar calendar that was used for 800 years. However, he is best known today for his poem “The Rubáiyát.”Omar Khayyam was born Ghiyath al-Din Abu’l-Fath Umar ibn Ibrahim Al-Nisaburi al-Khayyami on May 18, 1048, in Nishapur, Khorasan, part of present-day northern Iran. Khayyam...
The Gol (Round) Gumbaz (Dome) is the mausoleum of Muhammad Adil Shah (r. 1627-1656) of the Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur. It appears to have been the desire of the ruler to build a mausoleum that was comparable to that of his father, Ibrahim Adil Shah II. Since his father's mausoleum, known as the Ibrahim Rauza, was exceptional in composition and decoration, the only means of avoiding direct competition was through size. It is one of the biggest...
Establishing the 5 daily prayers in Sunni is a must. The more you maintain these daily prayers, the more you will see yourself coming back to Islam and becoming a better Muslim.You must not waste food and water because you have to be grateful for what you have.If you are not a Muslim convert, learn basic Islamic teaching gradually first in order to avoid misunderstandings.Seek knowledge of Islam. From your local community to lectures, books and articles...
The development of telegraphy in the early 19th century brought about the need for standardization and cooperation across national borders. As soon as telegrams began to be exchanged between countries, agreements were needed to define the types of equipment and coding that should be used as well as the rates (tariffs) that should be charged. Between 1849 and 1865, a series of bilateral and regional agreements were established between and among...
Ayatollah Haj Sheikh Ahmad Ahari about SB 1267 (1305 AH) was born in the city of Ahar in East Azarbaijan. After the introductory period and field levels, while in Tabriz was steady and then headed to Najaf was for the study.and written so that the payment was made as the Najaf seminary professor. He then, in about the year 1330 was the way his home and after a while, took over supervision of Tabriz Seminary.position and would be opposed. Rabbani...
Psalm of Heavens (Special Documentary on Day of Hazrat Fatima R.A)Hazrat Fatima R.AShe was beloved daughter of Muhammad s.a.w.w. among the four daughters. Hazrat Fatimah r.a. was very near and dear to Him and even at the time of His death, prophet Muhammad s.a.w.w talked to Fatimah and told her that she will be the queen of the youth in paradise.Hazrat Fatimah r.a. was married to hazrat ali r.a. who was cousin of Muhammad s.a.w.w and was younger...
sila e rehmi = to keep good relations with our relatives (Kith and kin), and to strengthen the bonds of kin-ship..........Abu Huraira RA reported....Nabi SAW said: 'rehm', 'Rehmaan' se mushtuq hai......Allah Taalaa ne uss (rehm) se Farmaaya: "jo tujhay jorray ga, main bhi usay jorrooun ga.......aur jo tujh se juda jo ga, mein bhi uss se judaa hoon ga..."Abdullah bin Umar RA reported.......Nabi SAW said: sila e rehmi karnay waala wo nahin jo sirf...
Also known as Warsaw Pact, Warshaw Pact, Warsaw Treaty On May 14, 1955, on a conference of european nations for Peace in Europe, 8 countries created a historic agreement that later played a major role in escalation of Cold War. It was signed by the USSR, Czechoslovakia, Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania and German Democratic Republic (East Germany), and was ratified on June 5 1955. It was a document of non-aggressions and required each...
(born 935, near s, Iran died 1020, s) Persian poet. Though many legends surround his name, few facts are known about his life. He gave the final and enduring form to the Persian national epic, the Shh-nmeh (completed 1010; Book of Kings), a poem based mainly on an earlier prose history. His language is still readily intelligible to modern Iranians, who regard the poem's nearly 60,000 couplets as a sonorous, majestic evocation of a glorious past....
Simultaneous with the first anniversary of the inauguration of Mashhad-Sarakhs-Tajan railroad, a passenger train service between Mashhad and Ashkhabad will become operational on May 14, said the manager of Khorasan Railway Company, Majid Roshdi, on Sunday. He added that some 2.500 million tons of cargo are to be imported to Iran via Mashhad-Sarakhs-Tajan railroad from central Asian states. The goods include cotton, lumber, iron wares, asbestos pipes,...
A cease-fire was declared between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan Pres. Geidar Aliyev negotiated a cease-fire with Armenian forces in the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh. More than 35,000 people had died in 6 years of fighting.Nagorno-KarabakhIn 1988, the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh, a predominantly ethnic Armenian enclave within Azerbaijan, voted to secede and join Armenia. This eventually developed into a full-scale armed conflict. Armenian...
Ayatollah Khamenei stated that Hazrat Fatima (SA) can serve as a role model for all women, advising them to practice her virtues.Elsewhere in his remarks, he said that the lax observation of the Islamic women’s dress code (hijab) undermines morality in the society.“Chastity … is a cause for honor … and increases …respect for women in society and this is why we must be grateful to Islam for paying attention to the issue of hijab,” Ayatollah Khamenei...
O Children of Adam! wear your beautiful apparel at every time and place of prayer: eat and drink: But waste not by excess, for Allah loveth not the wasters.يَـبَنِى ءَادَمَ خُذُواْ زِينَتَكُمْ عِندَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ وكُلُواْ وَاشْرَبُواْ وَلاَ تُسْرِفُواْ إِنَّهُ لاَ يُحِبُّ الْمُسْرِفِينَ "There were people who used to perform Tawaf around the House while naked, and Allah ordered them to take adornment, meaning, wear clean, proper clothes that cover...
Drinking of wine will be common. (Saheeh Bukhari & Saheeh Muslim).Great distances will be traversed in short spans of time (Planes, Boats, Trains, Cars etc). (Muslim).Books will be widespread but knowledge will be low and the appearance of ignorance. (Bukhari, Muslim, Ibn Majah, & Ahmad).A man will talk to [Something like] his whip or his shoe. (Telephone?) (Ahmad).When one steadfast to his religion will be like one holding a burning coal....